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Tiger
Solitary and beautiful, the tiger prowls alone and marks its territory carefully, patrolling each corner of its domain methodically every few weeks. Expert hunters who kill their prey with a bite to the throat or back of the neck, tigers are carnivores that eat large mammals like deer, pigs and buffalo. In order to satisfy their large appetites—and their offspring—these big cats must have access to wide swaths of land and large populations of prey.
Historically, hundreds of thousands of tigers roamed across Asia, but their numbers have plummeted dramatically. Today, tigers occupy only 7 percent of their historical range. The largest tiger population is now in India, but there are wild populations in numerous Asian countries. WCS is working throughout the continent to protect this astounding mammal, which can survive in diverse habitats that include tropical rainforests, mangrove swamps, grasslands, evergreen forests, and snowy, rocky terrain.
Fast Facts
| Scientific Name | Panthera tigris |
|---|---|
| |
Challenges
The tiger is endangered, and in many countries entire local populations have gone extinct. As ever-growing expanses of Asia are carved up for roads, farms, logging interests, and urban development, tigers are losing their natural habitats. Hunters who kill wildlife either for human consumption or illegal trade have depleted populations of deer and other prey, making food scarce. Logging roads give people easier access to places where wild tigers live, further compromising their fragile environments. Throughout its range, the tiger is killed for its stunning pelt, bones and other body parts, many of which are used as ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines. Even though the sale of tiger parts is illegal, a hunter can receive thousands of dollars per cat. In 1920, there were an estimated 100,000 tigers in the wild. Today, their numbers hover in the low thousands.
WCS Responds
WCS has long-standing conservation programs in nine countries where tigers live: Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Russia, and Thailand. Our goal is to help save the populations of this big cat in the wild and improve their living conditions. We have worked with government officials and business leaders for the creation of protected areas and other ambitious conservation projects, provided technical and financial support for law enforcement geared toward apprehending poachers, and collaborated on science-based projects aimed at effectively managing prey populations and human activity in tiger habitats. We also partner with local volunteers who help restore tiger habitats by, for example, removing illegal hunting traps in northeast China. In 2006, WCS and Panthera, a wild cat conservation group, together launched Tigers Forever, an ambitious collaborative effort that aims to increase tiger numbers by 50 percent at eight WCS tiger landscapes across Asia over 10 years.WCS Projects
Indonesia’s Wildlife Crimes Unit
WCS’s Wildlife Crimes Unit helps intercept the trade in illegal tiger parts on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The island’s populations of tigers and other endangered species are under siege by poachers who sell the animals into complex trade chains. These chains often terminate in illegal markets in China and other parts of East Asia.
From the Newsroom
Land of the Leopard Opens in RussiaApril 13, 2012
A new 1,000 square-mile park will safeguard leopards and Siberian tigers in Russia. Far Eastern leopards are considered the world’s rarest big cat.The Fight to Save the TigerMarch 21, 2012
Scientists and government officials from across the world come to India’s Nagarahole National Park to learn how tiger champion and WCS Senior Scientist Ullas Karanth has reversed the tide for this big cat on the brink.Jail Time for Thailand’s “Cell Phone” Tiger PoachersMarch 7, 2012
The sentencing of two tiger poachers marks a major turning point in Asia’s war against wildlife crime. WCS helped apprehend the pair last summer after authorities discovered a cell phone with images of a dead tiger.Sumatra’s Last TigersFebruary 29, 2012
In this TV news segment, WCS’s Joe Walston is interviewed about the reasons behind a 2009 spate of Sumatran tiger attacks.An Investment in Stripes and RibbitsFebruary 9, 2012
In a big boost for wildlife, 23 new species conservation projects will receive funding from the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the World Bank, and the Global Environment Facility.Searching for Snares in ChinaJanuary 31, 2012
Dozens of volunteers have braved northeast China’s freezing temperatures to clear illegal wire traps that catch endangered Amur tigers.Rare Footage from a Thai ForestDecember 16, 2011
Video camera traps in Thailand’s Western Forest Complex show amazing scenes of tigers, elephants, clouded leopards and other rare wildlife prowling about, alive and well. The footage offers a hopeful sign for conservationists, whose efforts to save the region’s wildlife are clearly paying off.Hunt for the Tiger SlayersOctober 13, 2011
WCS conservationists have found that the same gangs that smuggle weapons and drugs are poaching the last remaining tigers to the edge of existence. But as organized crime steps up its game in wildlife trade, WCS is fighting back, working to monitor wildlife and train more park rangers.Russian and U.S. Vets Solve Mysterious Tiger DeathsSeptember 30, 2011
Health experts from WCS’s Bronx Zoo, Primorskya State Agricultural Academy, and Moscow Zoo uncover how distemper may be affecting Siberian tigers.Now On Sale: Wildlife StampsSeptember 20, 2011
The Save Vanishing Species postage stamps will benefit wildlife protection for tigers, elephants, great apes, and more at no cost to the American taxpayer.Wanted: Tougher Enforcement Against Wildlife CrimeJuly 27, 2011
As organized crime steps up its game in wildlife trade, a WCS conservationist suggests fighting back through increased law enforcement and better use of resources.Apex Predators: A Scary LossJuly 20, 2011
In a recent study, WCS Conservationist Joel Berger concludes that the loss of large predators in the wild may be humankind’s most pervasive influence on nature.Tiger Poacher, Via Phone, is Witness for His Own ProsecutionJuly 15, 2011
Park rangers from Thailand’s Western Forest Complex apprehend a group of poachers suspected to have killed as many as 10 tigers in the region. The poachers were involved in an organized crime ring that WCS and other partners have been tracking for the past year.First Look at the Wildlife StampMay 12, 2011
The U.S. Postal Service unveils a design for a new stamp benefitting wildlife conservation. The specialized Save Vanishing Species stamps, featuring an illustration of a tiger cub, will benefit existing wildlife protection funds at no cost to American taxpayers.A Cyber Crackdown on the Wildlife TradeFebruary 17, 2011
A growing online black market is creating new demand for items like elephant ivory chopsticks, tiger claws and whiskers, and wallets made from clouded leopard skin. WCS’s Wildlife Crime Unit is working with Indonesian authorities to investigate the illegal Internet trade.WCS Makes Tracks for Tigers at St. Petersburg SummitNovember 23, 2010
WCS's Dr. John Robinson, Chief Conservation Officer, announces that WCS will pledge $5 million to save the tiger over the next 12 months, as part of a larger contribution of $50 million over 10 years. All investments will be targeted at on-the-ground efforts in tiger range states.Saving the Last Strongholds for TigersSeptember 14, 2010
WCS-Russia director Dale Miquelle discusses the unique challenges of conserving Siberian tigers.In Sumatra, Camera Traps "Capture" LessAugust 31, 2010
WCS scientists upgrade camera-trap research by developing huge virtual photo albums of species living in large landscapes.A Valley of TigersAugust 4, 2010
The Myanmar government creates a Protected Tiger Area as large as Vermont in the country's northern forests. The Hukaung Valley Tiger Reserve provides sanctuary to a wide range of species, from big cats to small birds, along with many rare plants.WCS Urges Obama to Help Save TigersJuly 22, 2010
A WCS scientist goes to Washington to speak for tigers and the protection of their remaining habitat across Asia.India’s Shrinking Animal Ark Needs More ParksMarch 15, 2010
A new study predicts that large mammals in India could go extinct unless regional conservation planning takes place. WCS recommends park expansion to ensure the country’s tigers, elephants, swamp deer, and other large mammals persevere.Wild Tiger Report CardFebruary 17, 2010
As
the world celebrates the Year of the Tiger, WCS assesses tiger habitat
and populations across eight priority landscapes in Asia with a
color-coded report.
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